Analysis of congenital deciduous teeth absence and its permanent teeth phenotype / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of congenital deciduous teeth absence and its permanent teeth performance type by using panoramic radiographs.@*METHODS@#A total of 15 749 panora-mic radiographs of 3-6-year-old children with deciduous dentition were collected from January 2020 to December 2021. The incidence of congenital deciduous teeth absence was observed, and the abnormality of permanent teeth was recor-ded. SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The incidence of congenital deciduous teeth absence was 2.54% (400/15 749), which was found in 217 girls and 183 boys, and the difference between the genders was statistically significant (P=0.003). The absence of one and two deciduous teeth accounted for 99.75% (399/400) of the subjects. In addition, 92.63% (490/529) of mandibular deciduous lateral incisor was congenitally absent, 44.80% (237/529) of deciduous teeth was absent in the left jaw, and less than 55.20% (292/529) was absent in the right; the difference between them was statistically significant (P=0.017). The absence of 96.41% (510/529) deciduous teeth in the mandibular was significantly more than that of 3.59% (19/529) in the maxillary, and the difference between was statistically significant (P=0.000). Furthermore, 68.00% (272/400) and 32.00% (128/400) of deciduous teeth were absent in unilateral and bilateral, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.000). Four types of congenital deciduous teeth absence with permanent teeth were observed as follows: 1) 73.91% (391/529) of permanent teeth was absent; 2) 20.60% (109/529) of permanent teeth was not absent; 3) the number of fused permanent teeth accounted for 4.91% (26/529); 4) the number of supernumerary teeth was 0.57% (3/529).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Although the absence of congenital deciduous teeth is less common than that of permanent teeth, it affects deciduous and permanent teeth to some extent. Dentists should pay attention to trace and observe whether abnormalities are present in the permanent teeth and take timely measures to maintain children's oral health.

Fusión del tercer molar inferior con un cuarto molar: reporte de tres casos / Fusion of the lower third molar with a fourth molar: report of three cases

Los dientes supernumerarios y la fusión dental son anomalías del desarrollo dental cuyas causas aún no se han dilucidado con certeza. El cuarto molar inferior, también denominado distomolar, es uno de los dientes supernumerarios con menor frecuencia de aparición clínica y su fusión con el tercer molar es una condición todavía menos común. A continuación, se reportan los casos clínicos de tres pacientes masculinos que presentaron fusión del tercer molar inferior derecho con un distomolar tratados mediante odontectomía (AU)

Supernumerary teeth and dental fusion are abnormalities of dental development whose causes have not yet been elucidated with certainty. The lower fourth molar, also called distomolar, is one of the supernumerary teeth with the least frequency of clinical appearance and its fusion with the third molar is an even less common condition. Next, the clinical cases of three male patients who presented fusion of the right lower third molar with a distomolar treated by odontectomy are reported (AU)

Frequency and Characteristics of Mesiodens in Indian School Children: A Retrospective Radiographic Study

Abstract Objective: To determine the frequency and characteristics of mesiodens in Indian school children. Material and Methods: 1232 radiographs of patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of the age group of 4-15 years studied for the present retrospective study. The intraoral periapical radiographs and occlusal radiographs of the premaxilla were examined to determine the presence of mesiodens. The data regarding the presence of mesiodens, number, position, location on the arch, shape and associated complications were recorded. Results: Eleven patients had 14 mesiodens, with a frequency of 0.8%. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.2:1. Maximum mesiodens observed in the age group of 7-9 years. Most of the mesiodens were conical in shape and found on the palatal side. Fifty percent of the mesiodens were unerupted. The majority of patients (57.1%) had vertically positioned mesiodens. Midline diastema was the most common complication due to mesiodens (66.7%). Conclusion: Routine check-up during the primary dentition and mixed dentition stages helps for early detection of mesiodens and thus preventing complications. Early identification is useful for planning comprehensive management, initiating proper consultation and referral for evaluation and treatment.

Prevalência de dentes supranumerários em pacientes na faixa etária de 12 a 20 anos em Manaus (AM) / Prevalence of supernumerary teeth in patients aged from 12 to 20 years in Manaus (AM)

A pesquisa avaliou a prevalência de dentes supranumerários na cidade de Manaus (AM), visando obter dados científicos que possam corroborar com outros estudos. Foram analisadas 1.000 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes na faixa etária de 12 a 20 anos, observando-se a prevalência dos dentes supranumerários, de acordo com o sexo, arco dentário e as regiões mais acometidas dos pacientes. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados, as medidas de tendência central e dispersão foram estimadas, e a prevalência foi calculada. Para a comparação entre os sexos, foi aplicado o teste de Qui-quadrado, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A prevalência de dentes supranumerários foi de 3,2%, não houve diferença significante entre os sexos, a mandíbula foi o osso gnático mais acometido, houve maior frequência de dentes supranumerários na região de pré-molares, e a maior parte dos pacientes possuía um único supranumerário. A prevalência de dentes supranumerários foi condizente com outros estudos, podendo corroborar com outras pesquisas.

This study evaluated the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in the city of Manaus (AM), to obtain scientific data that can corroborate with other studies One thousand panoramic radiographs were evaluated from patients aged at 12-20 years-old and the prevalence classified according to gender, dental arch/ region. Data were with central tendency and dispersion values calculated. The Chi-square test was used to compare prevalence between genders (5% level of significance). The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 3.2%, with no differences between genders, being the premolar mandibular region the most affected. Most of patients presented one supernumerary tooth. The results corroborate those already published by other articles.

Supernumerarios / Supernumerary teeth

En este artículo se describen los supernumerarios, las diversas teorías sobre su etiología, su frecuencia y lasalteraciones que pueden producir. Además, se dan pautas para su tratamiento. Los supernumerarios son anomalías del desarrollo que se encuentran con poca frecuencia, del 0,30 por ciento al 3,80 por ciento de la población, pero en pacientes con labio ypaladar fisurado pueden llegar al 28 por ciento. Se los puede definir como dientes adicionales a la serie dental normal. Se los encuentra raramente en ladentición primaria, en esta la distribución por sexo es similar; mientras que en la dentición permanente el sexo masculino prevalece en una proporción de 2 a 1. El mesiodens es el que se encuentra con mayor frecuencia. Constituye, según Shafer y Cols, más del50 por ciento de todos los supernumerarios...

Surgical Management of Palatally Placed Impacted Mesiodens: A Case Report.

Mesiodens are relatively common and can cause a variety of complications. The clinician should recognize signs and problems suggesting the presence of supernumerary teeth or mesiodens, particularly aberrations in the eruptive pattern, and perform the relevant investigations. On diagnosis, each case should be managed appropriately in order to minimize complications to the developing dentition. Mesiodens is most commonly occurring supernumerary tooth located in anterior maxilla usually seen between upper two central incisors placed labially or palatally and may be erupted or impacted. The present paper describes the surgical management of palatally placed impacted mesiodens in 15-year-old female.

Non-syndromic Multiple Supernumerary Teeth:A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Supernumerary teeth are regarded as an anomalous increase in the number of naturally occurring teeth. Multiple supernumerary teeth can be seen in association with syndromes such as Cleidocranial dysplasia, Gardner’s syndrome, Fabry-Anderson syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Non-syndromic occurrence however is a rarity and very few reported cases exist. Th e exact etiopathogenesis of the condition remains unknown, but several theories have been proposed, the most popular one being “hyperactivity of dental lamina.” When present, supernumeraries often pose a problem to the normal development and eruption of the neighboring dentition. Most of them are accidental fi ndings on radiographs, which also happens to be the most reliable tool in early diagnosis of this abnormality. We describe a case of 28-year-old male having 10 supernumerary teeth with non-syndromic association, which were diagnosed during routine radiographic evaluation.

Multiple Supernumerary Teeth in a Non Syndromic Patient: Case Report.

Supernumerary teeth, also known as hyperdontia, is a term used to describe extra teeth that develop in addition to the 20 primary and 32 permanent teeth that we are predisposed to have. Hyperdontia is seen more commonly in the permanent dentition than primary teeth. Th e incidence in the permanent dentition is reported to vary between 0.1% and 3.8%, and its frequency in the primary dentition is found to be 0.3-0.8%. A 32-year-old male patient reported to the department of oral medicine and radiology with the chief complaint of stains and deposits, his clinical examination revealed 9 supernumerary teeth and panoramic radiographic revealed 3 more extra making a total of 12 supernumerary teeth.

Prevalence of dental anomalies of number in different subphenotypes of isolated cleft palate

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at carrying out a radiographic analysis on the prevalence of dental anomalies of number (agenesis and supernumerary teeth) in permanent dentition, in different subphenotypes of isolated cleft palate pre-adolescent patients. METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 300 patients aged between 9 and 12 years, with cleft palate and enrolled in a single treatment center, were retrospectively analyzed. The sample was divided into two groups according to the extension/severity of the cleft palate: complete and incomplete . The chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison regarding the prevalence of the investigated dental anomalies (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Agenesis was found in 34.14% of patients with complete cleft palate and in 30.27% of patients with incomplete cleft palate. Supernumerary teeth were found in 2.43% of patients with complete cleft palate and in 0.91% of patients with incomplete cleft palate. No statistically significant difference was found between groups with regard to the prevalence of agenesis and supernumerary teeth. There was no difference in cleft prevalence between genders within each study group. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dental anomalies of number in pre-adolescents with cleft palate was higher than that reported for the general population. The severity of cleft palate did not seem to be associated with the prevalence of dental anomalies of number. .

OBJETIVO: o propósito deste estudo foi avaliar radiograficamente a prevalência das anomalias dentárias de número (agenesias e supranumerários), na dentição permanente, em diferentes subfenótipos da fissura isolada de palato, em pacientes pré-adolescentes. MÉTODOS: foram investigadas, de forma retrospectiva, 300 radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com fissura palatina (pós-forame), de 9 a 12 anos de idade, matriculados em um mesmo centro. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos de acordo com a extensão/gravidade da fissura palatina: completa e incompleta. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparação intergrupos das prevalências de anomalias avaliadas (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: a agenesia dentária foi encontrada em 34,14% dos pacientes com fissura pós-forame completa e em 30,27% com fissura pós-forame incompleta. A prevalência de dentes supranumerários correspondeu a 2,43% nos pacientes com fissura palatina completa e a 0,91% no grupo com fissura palatina incompleta. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos quanto à prevalência de agenesias dentárias e supranumerários. Não se observou diferença sexual quanto à prevalência de fissura dentro de cada grupo de estudo. CONCLUSÃO: os pacientes pré-adolescentes com fissura palatina apresentam maior prevalência de anomalias dentárias em relação à população em geral. A gravidade da fissura palatina parece não se associar com a prevalência de anomalias dentárias de número. .

Prevalence of mesiodens in orthodontic patients with deciduous and mixed dentition and its association with other dental anomalies

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of mesiodens in deciduous and mixed dentitions and its association with other dental anomalies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Panoramic radiographs of 1,995 orthodontic patients were analyzed retrospectively, obtaining a final sample of 30 patients with mesiodens. The following aspects were analyzed: gender ; number of mesiodens; proportion between erupted and non-erupted mesiodens; initial position of the supernumerary tooth; related complications; treatment plan accomplished; and associated dental anomalies. The frequency of dental anomalies in the sample was compared to reference values for the general population using the chi-square test (c²), with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of mesiodens was 1.5% more common among males (1.5:1). Most of the mesiodens were non-erupted (75%) and in a vertical position, facing the oral cavity. Extraction of the mesiodens was the most common treatment. The main complications associated with mesiodens were: delayed eruption of permanent incisors (34.28%) and midline diastema (28.57%). From all the dental anomalies analyzed, only the prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis was higher in comparison to the general population. CONCLUSION: There was a low prevalence of mesiodens (1.5%) in deciduous and mixed dentition and the condition was not associated with other dental anomalies, except for the maxillary lateral incisor agenesis.

OBJETIVO: determinar a prevalência de mesiodens nos estágios de dentição decídua e mista, e verificar sua associação com outras anomalias dentárias. MÉTODOS: radiografias panorâmicas de 1.995 pacientes ortodônticos foram analisadas retrospectivamente, obtendo-se uma amostra de 30 pacientes com o mesiodens. Os seguintes aspectos foram analisados: distribuição entre os sexos, número de mesiodens; se irrompido ou não irrompido; posição; complicações; tratamento instituído, e anomalias dentárias associadas. A frequência de anomalias dentárias na amostra estudada foi comparada a valores de referência para a população em geral por meio do teste qui-quadrado (c²), com um nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: a prevalência de mesiodens foi de 1,5%, sendo mais comum no sexo masculino (1,5:1). A maior parte dos mesiodens estavam não irrompidos (75%) e numa posição vertical, voltada para a cavidade bucal. O tratamento mais empregado foi a exodontia. As principais complicações associadas ao mesiodens foram o atraso na erupção dos incisivos permanentes (34,28%) e diastema mediano (28,57%). Pacientes com mesiodens não apresentaram prevalência aumentada de microdontia, agenesia de dentes permanentes ou outros supranumerários. De todas as anomalias analisadas, apenas a prevalência de agenesia de incisivo lateral superior mostrou-se aumentada em comparação à população em geral. CONCLUSÃO: o mesiodens foi encontrado em uma prevalência baixa (1,5%) nas dentições decídua e mista, e não apresentou associação com outras anomalias dentárias, com exceção da agenesia de incisivo lateral superior.

Prevalência de dentes supranumerários em pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário da UFPI: um estudo retrospectivo de cinco anos / Prevalence of supernumerary teeth in patients attended at the University Hospital of UFPI: a retrospective study of five years

Introdução: Variações no desenvolvimento dentário podem implicar em alterações no número de dentes, como, por exemplo, a hiperdontia, que é caracterizada pela formação de dentes em excesso, que são chamados de supranumerários. Sua ocorrência está frequentemente associada a patologias e interferências na erupção dos dentes permanentes, que podem comprometer a estética e a oclusão. Portanto, é importante descrever seu perfil epidemiológico. Objetivo:Este estudo objetivou analisar dados epidemiológicos, em prontuários, avaliando a prevalência dos dentes supranumerários. Material e Método: A amostra constituiu-se de 1511 prontuários de pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Piauí, entre janeiro de 2006 e janeiro de 2011, observando-se a prevalência dos dentes supranumerários segundo número de pacientes, gênero, faixa etária, cor da pele, localização, posição no arco dentário, tipo e tratamento. Resultado: A prevalência dos dentes supranumerários foi de 1,99%, ocorrendo em pacientes de cor parda (78,57%), com dentição permanente (86,96%), do gênero masculino (53,33%), localizados em região posterior de maxila (35%) e mandíbula (35%), e do tipo paramolar (38,10%). A maioria das cirurgias foi realizada por indicação ortodôntica (62,96% dos casos). Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados, a presença de dentes supranumerários foi um achado incomum com predominância pela maxila, sendo o tipo paramolar o mais frequente. Todos os casos foram tratados por remoção cirúrgica, sendo a maioria por indicação ortodôntica.

Introduction: Variations in tooth development may result in changes in the number of teeth, for example, hyperdontia, which is characterized by the formation of teeth in excess, that is called supernumerary. Its occurrence is frequently associated to pathologies and interferences in the eruption of permanent teeth which can implicate the esthetics and occlusion. So, it is important to describe its epidemiological profile. Objective: This study aimed to analyze epidemiological data in medical records, assessing the prevalence of supernumerary teeth. Material and method:The sample consisted in 1511 records of patients treated at the Hospital of Federal University of Piauí, between January 2006 and January 2011, noting the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in number of patients, gender, age, ethnicity, location, position in the dental arch, type and treatment. Result: The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was 1.99%, occurring in patients of mixed ethnicity (78.57%), with permanent dentition (86,96%), male (53.33%), located in the posterior maxilla (35%) and mandible (35%), and the paramolar type (38,10%). The majority of the surgeries were performed by indication orthodontic (62.96% of cases). Conclusion: According to the results, the presence of supernumerary teeth was an uncommon finding with predominance for the maxilla and the paramolar type the most common. All patients were treated by surgical removal and the majority by orthodontic indication.

Prevalência de raiz supranumerária em caninos depacientes adultos jovens / Prevalence of supernumerary roots in mandibular canine ina young adult population

Introdução: Os dentes são estruturas duras e salientes que são compostas por polpa, dentina e esmalte e que estão implantadas nos ossos maxilares de muitos vertebrados. Anatomicamente, os dentes são divididos em duas partes, uma coroa e uma ou mais raízes. Os dentes podem apresentar raízes acessórias ou upranumerárias. O desenvolvimento de uma raiz supranumerária pode estar relacionado a trauma, pressão ou doença metabólica que afeta a bainha epitelial de Hertwig. Raízes supranumerárias podem ser totalmente desenvolvidas em tamanho e forma ou pequenas e rudimentares. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de raízes supranumerárias em caninos inferiores numa população de jovens em relação ao sexo e a localização. Materiais e métodos: Quinhentas e trinta radiografias periapicais de estudantes da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) foram avaliadas em ambiente escuro, usando um negatoscópio e uma máscara para evitar claridade excessiva. Cada radiografia foi analisada por dois observadores previamente treinados. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que a prevalência de raízes supranumerárias nos caninos inferiores foi de 15 casos (2,83%). Em relação ao sexo, a prevalência desta anomalia foi de doze casos em mulheres (80%) e três em homens (20%). Quanto à localização, seis casos foram bilaterais (40%), sendo todos em indivíduos do sexo feminino e nove casos unilaterais (60%) – seis em mulheres e três em homens. Conclusão: A ocorrência de raízes supranumerárias em caninos inferiores é baixa e acomete mais as mulheres.

Introduction: Teeth are hard and protruding structures that are composed of pulp, dentin and enamel and are implanted in the jaws of many vertebrates. Anatomically, the teeth are divided into two parts, a crown and one or more roots. The teeth may exhibit additional or supernumerary roots. The development of a supernumerary root may be related to trauma, pressure or metabolic disease that affects the epithelial sheath of Hertwig. Supernumerary roots can be fully developed in size and shape and small or rudimentary. Objective: To determine the prevalence of supernumerary roots in mandibular canine in a young adult population with regard to sex and location. Materials and methods: Five hundred and thirty periapical radiographs from students of Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) were evaluated in darkened room, using a light box and a mask to avoid excessive brightness. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of the supernumerary lower canines roots were 15 cases (2.83%). In relation to sex, the prevalence of this anomaly showed twelve cases in women (80%) and three men (20%). Six (40%) cases had their bilateral presentation and all occurred in females. Nine individuals presented unilateral occurrence (60%) – six women and three men. Conclusion: The occurrence of supernumerary roots in mandibular canine is low and affects more females.

Prevalence of Supernumerary Teeth in Orthodontic Patients from Southwestern Brazil / Prevalencia de Dientes Supernumerarios en Pacientes de Ortodoncia del Suroeste de Brasil

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of supernumerary teeth in a Brazilian pediatric population. One examiner evaluated the presence of supernumerary teeth in panoramic radiographs of 1719 subjects (762 male and 957 female), with ages ranging from 4 to 14.5 years (mean 8.4 years old), from the archive of the Preventive Orthodontic Course of the Rehabilitation Hospital of Bauru, São Paulo. Supernumerary teeth were present in thirty subjects (1.7 percent, 16 males and 14 females). Difference between sexes was not statistically significant. Twenty-nine supernumerary teeth (96.7 percent) were located in the maxilla, and only 1 (3.3 percent) located in mandible. Seventeen supernumerary teeth (56.7 percent) located in maxilla were mesiodens. The early diagnosis of supernumerary teeth is essential to prevent malocclusion and malposition of permanent teeth demonstrating the importance of panoramic radiographs in their detection.

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de dientes supernumerarios en una población pediátrica de Brasil. Un examinador evaluó la presencia de dientes supernumerarios en radiografías panorámicas de 1719 sujetos (762 hombres y 957 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre 4 y 14,5 años (media 8,4 años de edad), del archivo del Curso de Ortodoncia Preventiva del Hospital de Rehabilitación de Bauru, São Paulo. Los dientes supernumerarios se presentaron en treinta sujetos (1,7 por ciento, 16 hombres y 14 mujeres). La diferencia entre sexos no fue estadísticamente significativa. Veintinueve dientes supernumerarios (96,7 por ciento) se ubicaron en el maxilar, y sólo 1 (3,3 por ciento) se ubicó en la mandíbula. Diecisiete dientes supernumerarios (56,7 por ciento) ubicados en el maxilar eran mesiodens. El diagnóstico precoz de los dientes supernumerarios es esencial para prevenir la maloclusión y malposición de los dientes permanentes, lo que demuestra la importancia de la radiografía panorámica en su detección.

Prevalência de dentes supranumerários em pacientes que procuraram tratamento ortodôntico / Prevalence of supernumerary teeth in patients who sought orthodontic treatment

Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de dentes supranumerários em pacientes que procuraram atendimento na clínica odontológica no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, área de concentração em Ortodontia da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR). Materiais e Métodos: Foram analisadas 247 radiografias panorâmicas, de pacientes com idades entre 6 anos e 12 anos e 11 meses, 112 do gênero masculino e 135 do feminino, em um negatoscópio em sala escura. Resultados: A prevalência dos dentes supranumerários foi de 2,43% (seis dentes), acometendo apenas a maxila de 6 indivíduos do gênero masculino, sendo todos localizados na região da linha mediana. O Teste de Diferença entre duas Proporções demonstrou que houve diferença estatística (p = 0,0063) entre os gêneros, considerandotanto “Arcada Dentária” quanto “Região”. Conclusão: Os dentes supranumerários foram encontradosexclusivamente no gênero masculino, na maxila e na linha mediana. Evidenciou-se a importância do exameradiográfico panorâmico no estudo da prevalência dessa anomalia dentária de desenvolvimento, para queprocedimentos preventivos, interceptivos e/ou corretivos possam ser planejados.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess supernumerary teeth prevalence in patients who sought orthodontic treatment at Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná. Materials and methods: Standard viewbox with background light masked was utilized in order to evaluate 247 panoramic radiographs of both genders patients aging from 6 years-old to 12 years and 11 months. Results: Prevalence of supranumerary teeth was 2.43% (six teeth), localized only in maxillary arch and in the midline region of male subjects. Difference Between Two Proportions test showed that there was statistical difference (p = 0.0063) between genders, considering both “Dental Arch” and “Region”. Conclusions: Supranumerary teeth were only found in male patients, in maxilla and in the midline. Panoramic radiographs assessment is important in order to study the prevalence of this dental development anomaly and permits that interceptive and/or corrective procedures may be planned.

Dientes supernumerarios: estudio de 513 dientes supernumerarios en 309 pacientes: revisión de conceptos fundamentales en la bibliografía / Supernumerary teeth: study of 513 supernumerary teeth in 309 patients: basic concepts and review of the literature

Se realizó un análisis y evaluación de la bibliografía con el objetivo de definir exactamente el concepto de diente supernumerario y establecer los criterios prevalentes sobre su etiología y relación con los factores hereditarios. Otros parámetros de importancia, como la frecuencia, el número, el sector maxilar, la incidencia por género, raza, etc.l, así como su vinculación con alguans afecciones sistémicas y la génesis de patologías conexas con su presencia, son también considerados. Las distintas nomenclaturas para designar a los diferentes tipos de piezas supernumerarias, son consignadas según la opinión de varios investigadores y la de los autores. Son mencionados y justificados los signos clínicos a tener en cuenta y los estudios radiográficos aconsejados para el diagnóstico temprano y la planificación del correspondiente tratamiento. Se han encontrado en este trabajo, en el que se estudiaron 513 dientes supernumerarios en 309 pacientes, 57 combinaciones de aspectos diferentes de esta patología, que son expuestos en la tabla adjunta, considerando las formas de las piezas supernumerarias, su cantidad, posiciones de retención o de erupción, las patologías conexas que pueden presentar, la relación con las demás piezas dentarias, sus ubicaciones relativas en las arcadas dentarias y su posición con respecto a las series primaria o permanente, su pertenencia a una u otra y finalmente su presencia formando parte de alguno de los síndromes generales.

Supernumerary teeth vary depending on gender

The presence of supernumerary teeth (ST) is a dental developmental anomaly of patterning and morphogenesis. Its variability of morphology, location and developmental timing can shed light on its etiology. In this work we report ST patterns. Orthopantomograms of 1,166 pediatric subjects were examined and the morphology, location and timing of the formation of ST were determined. The frequency of supernumerary teeth in the studied population was 2.3 percent (n = 27). Twenty-five subjects presented one ST. Maxilla midline was the most commonly affected region (nine cases). We noted high incidence of conical morphology in the midline region. Only teeth with tuberculate morphology presented delayed formation. ST in the midline region occurred more often in males whereas ST in the incisor region were more common in females. In conclusion, ST patterns vary depending on gender.

[ occurrence of anomalies of primary anterior teeth and their concurrence with the permanent successors anomalies in Iranian children]

Numerous studies report the prevalence of tooth absence, extra tooth, and double tooth [fusion and germination] in anterior primary teeth as being just less than 1%. Due to low prevalence of such anomalies, little attention is paid to them. There are concrete effects on corresponding permanent teeth and developing occlusion in about 50% of these cases. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of such problems in 113 cases, and to discuss the effect of these anomalies on the permanent successors. A total of 113 cases of the different 4 types of anomalies [39 cases of fusion, 14 cases of germination, 39 cases of missing, and 21 cases of supernumerary teeth] were studied. The cases were among the patients referring to the author's private clinic during the past 20 years for whom an appropriate radiography had been performed. The cases with tooth absence due to extraction or trauma were excluded. The results of the study were descriptively analyzed and reported. In the present study, the distribution of the anomalies including 39 cases of fusion, 14 cases of germination, 39 cases of issuing, and 21 cases of supernumerary teeth based on sex, maxillary and mandibular arches, tooth type, being unilateral or bilateral, as well as the impact of each on the succeeding permanent teeth were reported. The results show that the highest prevalence of fusions was seen in the central and lateral mandibular teeth, while there was a good balance for the missing tooth in both arches. In almost 50% of the cases, the presence of fusion in primary teeth was accompanied with a missing of permanent tooth, yet in germination, the number of permanent teeth was normal. Finally, in almost half of the cases with supernumerary tooth, there was supernumerary tooth in permanent dentition. The results in this study is valuable indicating that tooth radiograph is helpful in evaluating the number of anterior permanent teeth in case such anomalies exist; Thereby, suitable treatment plans for the future could be established

Premolares inferiores supernumerarios retenidos: casos reportados por cursantes de la Carrera de Especialización en Cirugía y Traumatología Bucomaxilofacial de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires / Impacted mandibular supernumerary premolars: cases reported by students from the specialization in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology at the School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires

Se denominan piezas dentarias supernumerarias a aquellas que se forman adicionalmente a la denticiónnormal. El sitio de presentación más frecuente es el sector anterior del maxilar superior; siendo la zona de lospremolares mandibulares la siguiente ubicación de prevalencia de acuerdo al orden de incidencia. Además esesta ubicación la más frecuente en el caso de piezas supernumerarias múltiples no asociadas a síndromes.El tratamiento de elección de estas piezas es el quirúrgico (exodoncia) cuando están retenidas o en malposi-ción, ya que la actitud expectante frente a esta patología puede verse seguido de futuras complicaciones.

Characteristics and distribution of dental anomalies in a Brazilian cleft population / Características e distribuição de anomalias dentárias em uma população brasileira de portadores de fissuras lábio-palatais

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of dental anomalies in 200 cleft patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Cleft Rehabilitation Center (CERLAP) of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: Data regarding patient age, race, gender, cleft type (lip and alveolus, complete lip and palate, or cleft palate), affected side (unilateral or bilateral), agenesis and supernumerary teeth in both arches were assessed from orthodontic records comprised by panoramic, cephalometric, occlusal, and periapical radiographs, study models, intra- and extraoral photographs, obtained at the beginning of the treatment, providing needed information to make an accurate diagnosis of dental anomalies. The collected data were registered in spreadsheets. Results: The mean patient age was 13.5 years old; 86% were white; and 57% male. Complete cleft lip and palate was found at a higher frequency (83%); the left side was most affected (48.5%). Agenesis were found in 66.5% of patients. Maxillary lateral incisors were the most absent teeth (78.5%). Supernumerary teeth were found in 35.5% of patients. Conclusion: Male individuals demonstrated a greater tendency to present clefts and manifest both agenesis and supernumerary teeth. Complete cleft lip and palate prevailed, and the left maxillary lateral incisor was the most absent tooth. Supernumeraries were located distally to the cleft.

Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de anomalias dentárias em 200 pacientes com fissura sob tratamento ortodôntico no Centro de Reabilitação Lábio-Palatal (CERLAP) da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Metodologia: Os dados referentes à idade, raça, gênero, tipo de fissura (pré, trans ou pós-forame incisivo), lado afetado (uni ou bilateral), agenesias e supranumerários em ambas arcadas foram avaliados a partir da documentação ortodôntica constituída por radiografias panorâmicas, cefalométricas, oclusais e periapicais, modelos de estudo e fotografias intra e extrabucais obtidas no início do tratamento, fornecendo informações necessárias para diagnóstico de anomalias dentárias. Os dados coletados foram registrados em planilhas. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 13.5 anos; 86% eram brancos; e 57% eram meninos. Fissuras transforame incisivo demonstraram-se mais frequentes (83%); o lado esquerdo foi mais afetado (48.5%). Agenesias foram encontradas em 66.5% dos pacientes. Incisivos laterais superiores foram os dentes mais ausentes (78.5%). Supranumerários foram encontrados em 35.5 % dos pacientes. Conclusão: Meninos demonstraram maior tendência a apresentar fissuras e a manifestar agenesias dentárias e supranumerários. As fissuras completas de lábio e palato prevaleceram e os incisivos laterais superiores foram os dentes mais ausentes. Os supranumerários localiza-ram-se distalmente à fissura na maioria dos casos.

Ocorrência de molares supranumerários em pacientes da clínica de radiologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará / Occurrence of supernumerary molars in patients from the Radiology Clinic of Federal University of Ceará

Hyperdontia is a dental anomaly, very common and widely studied, caused by excessive teeth in the oral cavity. This disturb represents an abnormal formation of one or more teeth in both dental arch. The diagnosis is normally based on conventional radiography exams, mainly panoramic radiographies, and in some cases, a computed tomography. In the present study, 1.325 panoramic radiographies were evaluated, all from patients seen by the Radiology Clinic of Federal University of Ceará, residents in Fortaleza, over the period from October 2007 to December 2008. The aim was to evaluate the occurrence of supernumerary molars. Twenty five patients presented supernumerary molars, 13 men and 12 women. However, it was not observed differences statistically significant (p= 0,5264). The occurrence in the maxilla was more common compared to the mandible. A considerable occurrence of supernumerary molars in the examined population was reported, reinforcing the importance of a premature diagnosis in this dental anomaly, in order to perform the treatment if necessary.

A Hiperdontia é uma anomalia dentária muito comum e largamente estudada, causada por um número excessivo de dentes na cavidade oral. Esse distúrbio representa uma formação anormal de um ou mais dentes em ambos os arcos dentários. O diagnóstico normalmente é baseado em exames radiográficos convencionais, principalmente a radiografia panorâmica, e em alguns casos, a tomografia computadorizada. No presente estudo, 1325 radiografias panorâmicas foram avaliadas, todas de pacientes atendidos na clínica de Radiologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, residentes em Fortaleza, no período de outubro de 2007 a dezembro de 2008. O objetivo foi avaliar a ocorrência de molares supranumerários. Vinte e cinco pacientes apresentaram molares supranumerários, sendo 13 homens e 12 mulheres. Entretanto, não foi observada nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante (p= 0,5264). A ocorrência na maxila foi mais comum em comparação à mandíbula. Foi observada uma considerável ocorrência de molares supranumerários na população examinada, reforçando a importância do diagnóstico precoce dessa anomalia dentária, a fim de estabelecer um tratamento, se necessário.